Biography of Frederick Winkle | Pottery Manufacturer

Frederick Winkle (26 April 1845–10 September 1908)

Pottery manufacturer of Fenton – Colonial Pottery

Frederick Winkle was a leading pottery manufacturer of Fenton and one of the most successful self-made industrialists in the late nineteenth-century Staffordshire pottery industry.

Born in 1845, he entered the pottery trade at an exceptionally early age. At around eight years old, he was taken by his father to work at Baker & Company’s earthenware manufactory in Fenton, where his father was employed as a saucer maker. He was later apprenticed at the same works, beginning a lifelong career in pottery manufacture.

While working full-time in the trade, Winkle attended evening classes at the Fenton Athenaeum, developing a strong interest in reading, technical knowledge, and self-improvement which remained with him throughout his life.

Early career

After completing his apprenticeship, Winkle worked as a journeyman cup and saucer maker at several local potteries, including John Edwards of Fenton.

He later secured employment at Mintons in Stoke-on-Trent, one of the leading potteries in the district, where he further developed his technical and managerial knowledge. After a period of about one to two years, he was appointed potters’ manager at Cauldon Place.

These early experiences gave him a strong grounding in both the practical and organisational sides of the industry.

Formation of the business

In 1881, Frederick Winkle entered into partnership with Thomas Hines and William Wood, establishing a pottery business in Brook Street, Hanley, known as the Pearl Pottery.

Following Hines’s retirement, the business continued as Winkle & Wood and expanded steadily.

In c.1888, the partners acquired land in Whieldon Road, Fenton, where they erected a modern eight-oven manufactory, continuing under the name Winkle & Wood. This became the Colonial Pottery.

The works were considered highly efficient for their time and were strategically located near both the Trent and Mersey Canal system and the North Staffordshire Railway, allowing efficient distribution of raw materials and finished goods.

The business expanded rapidly and ultimately employed around 500 workers, making it one of the largest earthenware manufactories in Fenton.

Colonial Pottery and production

The Colonial Pottery developed a wide-ranging and successful output, including:

domestic earthenware and table services
opaque porcelain goods
export ware for colonial markets
sanitary earthenware (from c.1894)
fire-clay sanitary goods (from c.1902)
later artistic “Whieldon” ware (c.1907–08)

The firm became noted for its willingness to adopt new machinery and production methods, and was among the early adopters of automatic and labour-saving equipment in the Potteries industry.

Winkle’s practical background was clearly reflected in the design and operation of the works, which were regarded as among the best equipped in the district.

Partnership changes and later control

Following the withdrawal of William Wood in late 1889, Frederick Winkle continued the business as F Winkle & Co, supported by a sleeping partner. From this point onward he assumed full responsibility for the management and direction of the Colonial Pottery.

In later years, his sons Arthur and Lawrence Winkle became actively involved in the running of the business.

Public and local life

Frederick Winkle was widely respected in the Potteries district and took an active role in civic and commercial affairs. He was connected with:

the Manufacturers’ Association
the Chamber of Commerce
Hill’s Foundry, Fenton (director)
the Staffordshire Potteries Waterworks Company (director)
a local Building Society (member since 1874)
Fenton Cricket Club (long-standing vice-president)
Fenton Bowling Club (president)

He was also closely associated with local sporting life, particularly cricket and bowls.
Although frequently invited to stand for public office, including the Fenton Council and the Stoke Board of Guardians, he declined, preferring to devote his attention to business affairs.

Character and reputation

Winkle was regarded as a practical, progressive, and technically-minded manufacturer. His early training as a working potter gave him a strong understanding of production, which earned him the respect of his workforce.

He was known for maintaining cordial relations with employees, being approachable and willing to address legitimate grievances. His workforce recognised his technical knowledge and experience, which contributed to loyalty and efficiency within the works.

Death

Frederick Winkle died on the early morning of Thursday 10 September 1908 at his residence, Greenfield House, Mount Pleasant, Fenton, following a bronchial illness which developed into heart failure.

He had been active at the works only a week before his death.

He was buried at Fenton Public Cemetery on 12 September 1908, in the presence of a large gathering of relatives, friends, business associates, and employees. The funeral was attended by representatives from both the manufacturing and commercial sides of the pottery industry.

He was survived by his widow, described as a Worcester lady, and his two sons, Arthur and Lawrence.

See also

Year	Age	Event
26 April 1845		Born Grew up in Fenton, Staffordshire.
1853	8	Began work at Baker & Co Taken by his father to work at Baker & Company’s earthenware manufactory, Fenton. His father was employed there as a saucer maker. Began work in the pottery industry as a child.
late 1850s	teens	Apprenticeship Apprenticed to Baker & Co. Learned the trade of saucer making. Young adulthood Attended night classes at the old Fenton Athenaeum. Developed a lifelong interest in serious reading and self-improvement.
c. 1860s	20s	Journeyman cup and saucer maker Worked in several pottery workshops as a journeyman saucer maker. Later employment Worked at John Edwards’ pottery, Fenton.
c. 1870s	30s	Mintons / Cauldon Place c. late 1870s Took a more senior role at Mintons in Stoke (London Road works). Remained there for about two years. c. 1879–1881 Became potter’s manager at Cauldon Place. 1874 onwards Became involved with a local Building Society.
1881	~36	Founded Pearl Pottery partnership Christmas 1881 Entered business partnership with William Wood and Thomas Hines. Established pottery works in Brook Street, Hanley. Business later known as the Pearl Pottery. Early 1880s Thomas Hines withdrew from the partnership. Business continued as Winkle & Wood.
1888	~43	Colonial Pottery established In 1888, land was acquired in Whieldon Road, Fenton, where a new eight-oven manufactory was erected. This became the Colonial Pottery. 1883 Major expansion. Acquired land in Whieldon Road, Fenton. Built a new eight-oven manufactory. Factory named the Colonial Pottery. Mid 1880s Around 250 workers transferred from the Pearl Works. Workforce later grew to about 500 employees. Became one of the largest earthenware factories in Fenton. c. 1880s–1890s Expanded export trade, especially to the Colonies. Developed strong home and overseas markets.
1890	~45	Sole control after Wood withdrew William Wood withdrew from the partnership. Frederick Winkle continued as principal owner, with a sleeping partner. 1890s Sons Arthur and Lawrence Winkle began assisting in management. Late 19th century Introduced improved pottery methods and machinery. Early adopter of new manufacturing processes. Introduced successful opaque porcelain goods. 1895 Firm began manufacturing sanitary earthenware.
c. 1902	~57	Fire-clay sanitary ware added six years before death, added fire-clay sanitary ware production.
10 September 1908	64	Died Residence: Greenfield House, Mount Pleasant, Fenton Final illness Thursday week before death: returned home suffering from a bronchial cold. Friday: remained at home; doctor called. Saturday: confined to bed. Health worsened steadily. Thursday, 10th (month not stated) Died from heart failure, probably brought on by bronchial illness.
		Buried in Fenton Public Cemetery Survived by His widow (described as “a Worcester lady”) two sons: Arthur and Lawrence

The Pottery Gazette, October 1, 1908

FREDERICK WINKLE.— Aged 64.

It is with deep regret that we record the death of Mr. Frederick Winkle, the senior partner in the firm of F. Winkle & Co., Colonial Pottery, Stoke-on-Trent, and the founder of the business. The deceased had for some time suffered from a bronchial affection, which recently intensified a heart trouble.

He was, however, at the works only a week before he died from heart failure early in the morning of Sept. 10, at his residence, Greenfield House, Mount Pleasant, Fenton. Although his affliction was well known, the news of his comparatively sudden death came as a great shock to many of his intimate friends and acquaintances. He was the head of one of the best-known firms of earthenware manufacturers in the Potteries, and his death will be heard of with sorrow' throughout the trade — both manufacturing and distributing. The late Mr. Winkle was one of that sturdy and of really self - made men (several of whom have passed away within the last few years) who have done so much to improve and to extend the industry.

He commenced as a boy on the lowest rung of the ladder, and by his indomitable perseverance he worked his way through every stage until he achieved his ambition and became a manufacturer himself.

The Colonial Pottery owes its present high position in the trade almost entirely to the energy, determination, and practical knowledge of its founder.

The success of Mr. Winkle, like that of the others referred to, proves most forcibly the value of a practical training in the work of production to all who aspire to control a pottery. We appreciate to the full the importance of theoretical and scientific instruction, but all experience shows that the student who is thoroughly trained on these lines alone, with no actual practical knowledge, is handicapped in competition with the youth who has "gone through the mill.” Mr. Winkle may be said to have been born to the trade. His father was employed at an earthenware manufactory at Fenton, and apprenticed him to the same firm. On the conclusion of his apprenticeship, he worked as a journeyman cup-maker at various factories.

While he was learning his trade he took advantage of the night schools opened at the Fenton Athenaeum, and there acquired that taste for sound literature which he displayed and improved to the end of his life. Having, as a workman, obtained a practical knowledge of the industry, he became a diligent student of the theoretical and scientific phases of pottery manufacture, and attained considerable proficiency in them. In the successful production and ornamentation of pottery, theoretical and practical knowledge are both essential.

Mr. Winkle has demonstrated that the youth with a practical training may become proficient in the theory and science of potting as he growls older. It might not be impossible, but it would not be so easy, for one whose early tuition had been confined to theory to obtain any useful practical experience afterwards. The deceased was always bent on improving his position and after other engagements, he obtained employment at the famous factory of Minton’s, Stoke-on-Trent. When he had been there a year or two he was appointed potters’ manager at Cauldon-place works. Desirous of becoming a manufacturer himself, he entered into partnership with Mr. T. Hines and Mr. W. Wood, and took a lease of some property in Brook-st., Hanley, where they commenced business in a quiet way.

Mr. Hines retired from the firm, and the business w as continued by Mr. Winkle and Mr. Wood. Mr. Winkle’s practical ability proved af great value to the firm, and the business steadily increased, outgrowing the capacity of the original premises. The partners realised that with improved facilities and more extended accommodation they could increase their trade, and they looked about them for larger works. None being at the time available, they obtained possession of some land at Fenton, and exactly twenty years ago they built and at once occupied what is now known as the Colonial Pottery, in the Whieldon-road. The works, which include an eight-oven factory, occupy upwards of two acres cf ground, and are considered to be amongst the best-equipped potteries in the district. They are designed in the most convenient manner, and are fitted with the most up-to-date labour-saving and time-saving machinery and appliances. In the general arrangement of the works, and particularly in some of the methods adopted, the practical experience of the late Mr. Winkle is plainly indicated. He was one of the first to make extensive use of certain automatic machines which are now so largely employed in the industry. It is not too much to say that the Colonial Pottery has now working resources that are second to none, as no expense has been spared in keeping everything well up to date. The North Staffordshire Canal (Trent and Mersey Navigation) and the North Staffordshire Railway afford facilities for the transit of raw materials and manufactured goods.

When Mr. W. Wood withdrew from the firm about nineteen years ago, Mr. Winkle was joined by a gentleman who was a sleeping partner only, the whole management of the business devolving upon the deceased. He was, however, fully equal to the task, although, with upwards of five hundred employees to deal with, it could not be considered a light one. Happily his relations with his workpeople were always of the most cordial nature. He was ever ready to listen to any complaints, and if there was a real grievance he was quick to rectify it. Another advantage of his early business training was this. His employees all knew he was well versed in every detail of the trade, and there is no doubt they worked all the better and with more satisfaction, under a principal who was himself a craftsman and for whose practical knowledge and skill they could not but entertain great respect. In recent years Mr. Winkle’s two sons have assisted him in the conduct of the works.

The firm have a wide reputation for their toilet sets, dinner services, and suite ware for the home and colonial markets, and it was the constant study of the late principal to keep these well up to date in form and ornamentation. He knew that the taste of the public, both at home and in the Colonies, is always subject to change, and it was his constant aim to meet it. About fourteen years ago he commenced to make sanitary earthenware, and eight years later included the manufacture of Diamond Enamelled Fire-clay Sanitary Goods. In these goods a large trade has grown up. Quite recently the late Mr. Winkle showed his enterprise, and the resources of his works, by adding another new branch to his already many-sided business. He introduced an Art Section, in which, with other novelties, the new' “ Whieldon ” ware is produced. This was the last and perhaps the most ambitious of the many developments carried out by the deceased.

The late Mr. Winkle was absorbed in his business. He took no active part either in political or local government affairs, though lie had often been asked to sit on the Board of Guardians for Stoke and the Fenton Council. He was a member of the Chamber of Commerce and of the Manufacturers’ Association, a director of the Staffordshire Potteries Waterworks Company, and was interested in Hill’s Foundry, Fenton. His recreation was bowling, and he was president of the Fenton Bowling Club, and for many years he supported the Fenton Cricket Club, of which he was vice-president. He was a man of fine physique, and of an exceedingly affable and courteous disposition. The funeral took place at the public cemetery, Fenton, on Sept. 12, in the presence of a large number of relatives, friends, and business associates. The employees of the Colonial Pottery headed the funeral procession, and in the long line of coaches which formed it, was one containing London and Provincial representatives of the firm, while the officials of the works were joined by a crowd of intimate friends in the rear.

Staffordshire Sentinel, Monday September 14, 1908

The Late Mr. F. Winkle

A Prosperous Career

From Saucermaker to Manufacturer

The late Mr. Frederick Winkle, of Greenfield House, Mount Pleasant, Fenton, whose death, as already announced, took place on the 10th inst., from heart failure, superinduced in all probability by a bronchial trouble, and whose remains were interred in Fenton public cemetery on Saturday, in the presence of many sorrowing friends, was a very fine example of the self-made man. At the tender age of eight years he was taken to Baker and Company's earthenware manufactory at Fenton by his father, who was employed there as a saucer maker. In our own days, such a proceeding would be impossible, but half a century and more back it was not an uncommon practice for mere children to be inducted into the trades which they were expected to follow in after life. Doubtless, it was an advantage to the lad that he was able to work with his father, who would be able to see that the task was such as would not be over burdensome. In due time, young Winkle was apprenticed to Messrs Baker and Co. to learn what art and mystery there lay in the easy and speedy production of well-made saucers. The youth, while growing into manhood took means to ensure his mental and physical capacities developing together. He became a regular attendant of the night classes opened by the old Fenton Athenaeum, and the taste he then obtained for good and substantial reading he never lost.

After completing his term of apprenticeship young Winkle sought occupation in other workshops. The last place at which he was engaged as a journeyman saucer maker was at Mr. John Edwards', also of Fenton. That place he left to take up a slightly more responsible position at Mintons then, perhaps, in the zenith of its power. In the working out of his destiny he seems, at least at this stage of his career, to have been somewhat restless, for he only remained at the great London-road establishment at Stoke a couple of years, when he went to Cauldon-place as a potter's manager.

In conjunction with Mr. William Wood and the late Mr. Thomas Hines, Mr. Winkle, at Christmas, 1881, set up in business. The firm secured on lease some unoccupied property in Brook-street, Hanley, and here the firm set themselves seriously to make ware best calculated to find a ready market. Mr. Winkle's own practical experience became exceedingly useful to the young and happily speedily thriving industry. Mr. Hines, however, saw reason to withdraw his interests, leaving the concern in the hands of his former partners, the works for a few years longer being carried on by Messrs. Winkle and Wood as the Pearl Pottery.

Matters progressed so satisfactorily that Mr. Winkle and his partner saw their way, with greater opportunities of output, to a very considerable increase in their business. Consequently, in 1888 some land in Whieldon-road, Fenton, was obtained, and on the site was erected an eight-oven manufactory, into the construction of which every modern device was applied. The new works are large, compact, and well-designed, are near the water way and the North Staffordshire railway system, the carrying of the heavy raw materials and manufactured products being thereby reduced to a minimum.

The two hundred and fifty workpeople employed at the Pearl Works followed the firm to their new hive of industry; and in the course of a relatively short time the aggregate of workpeople employed by the firm totalled 500—constituting, it is believed, the largest number engaged in an earthenware manufactory in Fenton. In determining that the factory should be known as the Colonial Pottery, the firm probably was influenced by a hope that a great extension of trade would come from the Colonies. That was soon realised, but it would be quite a mistake to think that the firm are content with their Colonial orders.

They certainly are not by a very long way, for the home trade is a very important and an improving factor. On Mr. Wood's withdrawal from the firm, a course he took in or about 1890, Mr. Winkle took a sleeping partner, and conducted the business single-handed, receiving, in more recent years, valuable assistance in the management from his sons, Arthur and Lawrence.

The Colonial manufactory of Messrs. Winkle was and remains known as a thoroughly up-to-date concern. Mr. Winkle, though by no means ostentatious, prided himself on his readiness to give attention to any invention which might be brought to his notice; and if, after due consideration, his practical mind suggested that the new method was worthy a fair trial, a fair trial it would secure at the Colonial Pottery. In this way the firm were practically the first to jolly ewers.

Owing, in a measure at all events, to the improved facilities afforded them by Mr. Winkle the workpeople took very kindly to the innovation, being able to earn more money by the new than they were by the old way. On the whole, Mr. Winkle got on exceedingly well with his workpeople. He was always ready to listen to any reasonable complaint; and it was well understood throughout the works that anyone with a grievance—boy, girl, man, or woman—would find the head of the firm both approachable and reasonable. It was very seldom during his business career that he felt himself compelled to take a strong attitude towards any section of his workpeople. On one occasion he decided upon taking what was to him the extreme and even painful course of summoning a number of transferrers before a court of justice, but the Bench, by their decision, justified the action he had taken. The people who made it a necessity to refer the matter to an outside tribunal, however, were allowed to return to their work, and never afterwards heard any unpleasant reference to the matter.

Mr. Winkle put on the market what he described as opaque-porcelain goods. The ware had a great run, and was one of the main causes of the remarkable success achieved. No manufacturer devoted more time to making experiments, and the hold the firm has on the buyers of this and other countries is unquestionably the result of the improvements effected from time to time in body and form, the outcome of the continuous labours of the principal.

The aim of the firm seems to have been bent in turning out a medium class earthenware. For this kind of product, turned out as it is from the Colonial Pottery, there is an immense, and, presumably, an increasing demand. In 1895 the firm commenced to make sanitary earthenware; and six years ago the establishment added to its other industries that of making fire clay sanitary ware, the only other makers in the Potteries being Twyfords (who were the pioneers) and George Howson and Sons.

The deceased gentleman was a member of the Manufacturers’ Association; the Chamber of Commerce; he was a director of Hill’s Foundry at Fenton; had been interested in a local Building Society since 1874; for forty years he had been closely identified with the leading cricket club at Fenton, filling the more important offices; he was president of the Fenton Bowling Club and tennis court, the playing of bowls being his principal diversion. Mr. Winkle was a fine, powerfully built man, entirely free from pretentiousness. To the friends of his youth and early manhood he remained most loyal, whether those friends continued at the bench, where he found them, or whether they had risen with him in the social scale. To the less fortunate he was a true friend Mr. Winkle was one of those men who did not in matters of charity allow his left hand to know what his right hand did. The deceased gentleman never sought public life; neither could he be induced to enter it.

He had been nominated for seats on the Fenton Council and on the Stoke Board of Guardians, but he declined, solely on the ground that his business demanded every minute of his time. In politics he was broad-minded, with a leaning towards the Unionist cause. He attended Church of England services.

On Thursday week Mr. Winkle, on returning home, suffered from a bronchial cold. The next day he remained at home; and the severity of the attack being noted, Dr. Moody was called in. On Saturday the deceased took to his bed, and despite every attention which could be given him by his medical adviser, Mrs. Winkle, and members of the family, he gradually got worse, and ultimately succumbed shortly after three o’clock on Thursday morning. He leaves a widow—a Worcester lady—and two sons.

THE FUNERAL.

The remains of the late Mr. Frederick Winkle were laid in their last resting place, the public cemetery, Fenton, on Saturday. Long before the mournful procession was timed to leave deceased’s residence, quite a large crowd of sympathetic onlookers had gathered. Blinds generally in the vicinity were drawn as an evidence of respect to the memory of the deceased. Shortly after three o'clock the cortege left Greenfield House. It proceeded, amid very exceptional manifestations of sorrow, past the cricket and bowling club grounds. At both places games were in progress; and at each ground, where a flag was flying half-mast, play was suspended while the procession moved forward.

Heading the procession were the employees of the Colonial Pottery, following whom came the deputations from the Fenton Tennis and Bowling Club.

The subsequent order was as follows:

First Coach: Mr A. F. Wenger, Mr. H. J. Wildin, representing the Potteries Waterworks Company.

Second Coach: Dr. Moody, Mr. Aubrey Smith, Mr. C. T. L. Forrester, and Mr. A. Cotterill.The Hearse, which followed, was literally covered with flowers, an additional vehicle being required for other floral tributes.

Third Coach: Mr. A. E. Winkle, Mr. L. H. Winkle, Mr. James Winkle, and Mr. A. Winkle, chief mourners.

Fourth Coach: Mr. G. Turner, Mr. F. Deakin, Mr. W. Dudley, Mr. Hancock, and Mr. Dent.

Fifth Coach: Mr. J. Hewitt, Mr. S. A. Goodall, Mr. T. Poole, Mr. A. B. Jones, and Mr. D. Derry.

Sixth Coach: Mr. A. Fielding, Mr. A. Steele, Mr. Lester, Mr. T. Dent, and Mr. R. W. Day.

Seventh Coach: Mr. T. Pointon, Mr. B. Hewitt, Mr. G. Hancock, Mr. Jos. Hewitt, and Mr. J. R. Haines.

Eighth Coach: Mr. Jas. Bourne, Mr. T. Cone, Mr. J. Brunt, Mr. F. Morrall, Mr. H. Aynsley, and Mr. J. Poole.

Ninth Coach: Mr. J. W. Cooper, Mr. P. J. Bill, Mr. W. Holmes, Mr. R. C. Lindop, Mr. F. Goodwin, and Mr. Evans.

Tenth Coach: Mr. Jas. Roberts, Mr. W. Bennett, Mr. Dudley, Mr. F. J. Smith, and Mr. H. Evans (representing Messrs. Bourne, Bullock, and Co.).

Eleventh Coach: Mr. Bowering, Mr. Scholes, Mr. Jas. Derry, Mr. J. Porter, Mr. P. Clewes, and Mr. Morrison.

Mr. Davison’s Carriage: Mr. J. Davison, Mr. Davison, jun.; Mr. Lawson (representing the Midland Railway Company), Mr. Tilstone (representing the Albion Clay Company).

The rear of the procession was brought up by officials of the Colonial Pottery and other close and intimate friends, including: Mr. J. Hulme, Mr. S. Hulme, Mr. A. Hulme, Mr. F. Johnson, Mr. F. Hulme, Mr. Fanner, Mr. Wright, Mr. W. Boon, Mr. E. Wilson, Mr. J. Massey, Mr. J. Wood, Mr R. Poole, Mr S. Hammersley, Mr. A. Grindley, Mr. J. Malpass, Mr. W. Barlow, Mr. Gibson, Mr. Cartlidge, Mr. H. Malpass, Mr. A. Bailey, and Mr. F. Hewitt.

At the cemetery the cortege was met by the Rev. C. P. T. Clarke (vicar), and the Rev. J. Wilson, priest-in-charge of St. Paul's, Mount Pleasant, who joined in the procession to the chapel.

Here the burial service was very impressively conducted by the Vicar, the special lessons being read by the Rev. J. Wilson. At the graveside a large concourse of sympathisers had assembled to pay their last tribute of respect. The committal rites were impressively solemnised by the Vicar.

Amongst the numerous wreaths noticeable were the following:—

From his dear Wife, with deepest sympathy; from Arthur and Gertie; from Lawrence; from Tillie; from Grandchildren Gwennie and Celia; Mrs. Deakin and family; Mr. R. W. Day; Mrs. John Porter; the Decorators of F. Winkle and Co.; Mr Cooper and Mr. Wood; Mrs. Pitcairn and Miss Graham; Dr. and Mrs. R. Hugh Allen; the Fire Clay Department; Mr. Smith (Cobridge); Mr. and Mrs. W. Dudley; Mr. and Mrs. James Derry; Fenton Cricket Club Committee; Mr. and Mrs. G. E. Hancock; Mr. and Mrs. Dent and Family;

Employees of Colonial Pottery; Directors and Secretary of the Manor Engineering Company; Mr. Joseph Hewitt and Family; the Staff of Colonial Pottery; Mr. and Mrs. Harry Anysley; Mr. Jno. Davison, U.S.A.; Mr. and Mrs. T Cone; Mr. George Fanner; Mr. John Davison and Family; Messrs. A. B. and J. Hewitt; his Brother and Nephew, James and Albert; Mr. Frank A. Keeling; Mr. Tom Pointon; Mr. George Derry; Mr. and Mrs. Dan Derry;

the Fenton Bowling and Tennis Club; Mr. and Mrs. Tunnicliffe, of Beulah; Mr. and Mrs. G. E. Hancock, sen.; Mr. and Mrs. A. F. Wenger; the Wolstanton Bowling Club; Mr. and Mrs. Fred Goodwin; Mr. A. Fielding.

The coffin, which was of dark polished oak, with heavy brass mountings, had inscribed on the plate:—"Frederick Winkle. Born April 26th, 1845; died September 10th, 1908; aged 64."

The whole of the arrangements were very creditably carried out by Messrs. M. Huntbach and Co., Ltd., Hanley.